Crystallography

Description: The course provides information on geometric crystallography with basic information on crystal chemistry. Here we provide data on the crystalline and amorphous state of matter, on crystals, their limiting elements, and properties. The basic laws of crystallography are considered: the law of constancy of the face angles, the law of rational relations; crystal symmetries elements of crystal symmetry (center, axes and planes); simple crystal shapes and their combinations.

Amount of credits: 6

Пререквизиты:

• Physics of Condensed State
• Basic Physics of X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

Course Workload:

Component: Component by selection

Cycle: Profiling disciplines

Goal

• Formation of ideas about the basics of crystallography-the science of the laws of the atomic structure of crystalline matter, which is the basis for the study of solid state physics. Disclosure of the relationship between the features of the crystal structure of a substance and the features of its physical properties.

Objective

• To study the basic concepts, laws and methods of crystallography and metallography for their further application in the analysis of the structure, properties of metals and alloys, development and improvement of technologies for the production and processing of alloys with specified properties

Learning outcome: knowledge and understanding

• - history, subject, tasks and methods of studying crystalline matter; - fundamentals of crystallography, mineralogy and methods for determining minerals (physical, morphological) and their classification; - modern scientific ideas about the processes of mineral formation;

Learning outcome: applying knowledge and understanding

• - determine the type of material by classifying features; - - calculate the stereochemical formula of a substance; - work with educational, reference and scientific literature;

Learning outcome: formation of judgments

• to make an optimal choice of material and its processing technology for the manufacture of artistic products for various purposes

Learning outcome: communicative abilities

• willingness to cooperate with colleagues, work in a team; willingness to use the basic laws of discipline in professional activity, apply methods of theoretical and experimental research.

Learning outcome: learning skills or learning abilities

• formulate the basic concepts of the section, solve physical problems and evaluate the orders of physical quantities.

Teaching methods

During the training sessions, the use of the following educational technologies is provided: - interactive lecture (using the following active forms of learning: executive (guided) discussion or conversation; modernization; slide show or educational films; brainstorming; motivational speech); - creation of scenarios for the development of various situations based on specified conditions; - information and communication (for example, classes in a computer classroom using professional application software packages); - search and research (independent research activity of students in the educational process); - solving educational tasks.

Assessment of the student's knowledge

Teacher oversees various tasks related to ongoing assessment and determines students' current performance twice during each academic period. Ratings 1 and 2 are formulated based on the outcomes of this ongoing assessment. The student's learning achievements are assessed using a 100-point scale, and the final grades P1 and P2 are calculated as the average of their ongoing performance evaluations. The teacher evaluates the student's work throughout the academic period in alignment with the assignment submission schedule for the discipline. The assessment system may incorporate a mix of written and oral, group and individual formats.

The evaluating policy of learning outcomes by work type

Evaluation form

The student's final grade in the course is calculated on a 100 point grading scale, it includes:

• 40% of the examination result;
• 60% of current control result.

The final grade is calculated by the formula:

 

Where Midterm 1, Midterm 2are digital equivalents of the grades of Midterm 1 and 2;

E is a digital equivalent of the exam grade.

Final alphabetical grade and its equivalent in points:

The letter grading system for students' academic achievements, corresponding to the numerical equivalent on a four-point scale:

Topics of lectures

• Crystallography
• Crystal lattice of minerals
• The concept is a simple form
• Definition of the content of the science of mineralogy and its relation to other sciences of Ground
• The structure of crystalline materials
• Elements of crystal chemistry and crystal physics
• A spatial grid
• Determination of the inverse lattice
• Definition of symmetry
• Transformations of the first kind
• Designations of symmetry elements
• Dislocations and packaging defects in typical metal structures
• The intersection of dislocations and their interaction with point defects

Key reading

• 1. Современная кристаллография. / Гл. редактор акад. Вайнштейн Б.К. - Т. 1. - М.: Наука, 1979. 2. Шаскольская М.П. Кристаллография. - М.: Высшая школа, 1984. 3. Бокий Г.Б. Кристаллохимия. - М.: Наука, 1971. 4. Костов И. Кристаллография. - М.: Мир, 1965. 5. Попов Г.М., Шафрановский И.И. Кристаллография. - М.: Высшая. школа, 1964.

Further reading

• 1.Сидоркин А.С. Доменная структура в сегнетоэлектриках и родствен- 10ных материалах. Москва Физматлит. 2000. 2.Артамонов В.А.,СловохотовЮ.Л.Группы и их приложения в физике, хи-мии, кристаллографии. Учебное пособие. Москва ,ACADEMA, 2005. 510 с. 3.Богомолов А.А., Солнышкин А.В. Динамика решетки и сегнетоэлектриче-ские явления: Учеб. пособие. Тверь: Твер. гос. ун-т, 2008