Petrography

Description: Discipline Petrography is one of the fundamental geological disciplines that study the substance of the Earth. The main purpose of the discipline is to teach students the theoretical foundations and methods of studying petrography, which is necessary for every specialist dealing with rocks and ores.

Amount of credits: 5

Пререквизиты:

• Crystallography and mineralogy

Course Workload:

Component: University component

Cycle: Base disciplines

Goal

• The purpose of teaching the discipline 1 – to give students knowledge about the composition, structure, conditions of occurrence, classification and patterns of formation of igneous, metamorphic and metasomatic rocks that meet the modern level of science and the requirements of geological practice. 2- development of practical skills of elementary petrographic research.

Objective

• 1 to instill practical skills in the application of petrographic methods of rock research in field and laboratory conditions 2 teach them to diagnose and classify, establish genetic affiliation 3 find the relationship between rocks and minerals

Learning outcome: knowledge and understanding

• 1 diagnostic signs of the most important rock-forming minerals; 2 all the most important and widespread igneous and metamorphic rocks, their composition, structure, forms of occurrence, classification, conditions of formation and practical significance; 3 the most important physico-chemical laws of magmatic and metamorphic processes;

Learning outcome: applying knowledge and understanding

• 1 perform microscopic examination of rocks, using special laboratory research methods, if necessary; 2 use petrographic methods in forecasting, prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits, in geological survey and specialized thematic work.

Learning outcome: formation of judgments

• based on the collected facts, draw conclusions about the origin and conditions of the formation of rocks

Learning outcome: communicative abilities

• 1 processing and systematization of data on petrochemistry of rocks, including using computer programs;

Learning outcome: learning skills or learning abilities

• to teach methods of studying the mineral composition and structural and textural features of rocks in sections under a microscope and the skills of interpreting the results of petrographic studies.

Teaching methods

Project-based learning technologies - the organization of the educational process in accordance with the algorithm of step-by-step solution of a problem problem or performance of an educational task. Problem-based learning technologies - the organization of the educational process, which involves the formulation of problematic issues, the creation of educational problem situations to stimulate the active cognitive activity of students. Interactive technologies – the organization of the educational process, which involves active and nonlinear interaction of all participants, achieving on this basis a personally significant educational result for them.

Assessment of the student's knowledge

Teacher oversees various tasks related to ongoing assessment and determines students' current performance twice during each academic period. Ratings 1 and 2 are formulated based on the outcomes of this ongoing assessment. The student's learning achievements are assessed using a 100-point scale, and the final grades P1 and P2 are calculated as the average of their ongoing performance evaluations. The teacher evaluates the student's work throughout the academic period in alignment with the assignment submission schedule for the discipline. The assessment system may incorporate a mix of written and oral, group and individual formats.

The evaluating policy of learning outcomes by work type

Evaluation form

The student's final grade in the course is calculated on a 100 point grading scale, it includes:

• 40% of the examination result;
• 60% of current control result.

The final grade is calculated by the formula:

 

Where Midterm 1, Midterm 2are digital equivalents of the grades of Midterm 1 and 2;

E is a digital equivalent of the exam grade.

Final alphabetical grade and its equivalent in points:

The letter grading system for students' academic achievements, corresponding to the numerical equivalent on a four-point scale:

Topics of lectures

• Petrography and its tasks
• Igneous rocks and their formation
• Classification of igneous rocks
• Текстуры и структуры магматических пород
• Igneous rocks of ultrabasic composition, their petrographic characteristics
• Igneous rocks of the main composition, their petrographic characteristics
• Igneous rocks of medium composition, their petrographic characteristics
• Igneous rocks of acid composition, their petrographic characteristics
• Volcanic rocks , their petrographic characteristics
• Metamorphism and its factors
• Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks
• Classification and petrographic characteristics of rocks of cataclastic, contact-thermal metamorphism
• Classification and petrographic characteristics of rocks of regional metamorphism
• Metasomatosis and its types
• Facies of metamorphism, facies typification of metamorphic rocks

Key reading

• 1. Петрография. Основы кристаллооптики и породообразующие минералы : учебник для вузов / А. А. Маракушев, А. В. Бобров, Н. Н. Перцев, А. Н. Феногенов. — 2-е изд., испр. и доп. — Москва : Издательство Юрайт, 2022. — 307 с. — (Высшее образование). 2. Основы петрологии магматических и метаморфических процессов : учебное пособие / А. Л. Перчук, О. Г. Сафонов, Л. В. Сазонова, П. Л. Тихомиров, П. Ю. Плечов, М. Ю. Шур. - М.: КДУ; Университетская книга, 2015. — 472 с. 3. М. В. Наумов, Е. А. Кухаренко, А. Е. Костин, Д. Н. Ремизов. Практическая петрология: методические рекомендации по изучению магматических образований применительно к задачам госгеолкарт. — СПб: Изд-во ВСЕГЕИ, 2017. 168 с 4. Кристаллооптика: методические указания по выполнению лабораторных работ / сост. Л.Я. Кабанова. – Челябинск: Издательский центр ЮУрГУ, 2014. – 34 с.

Further reading

• 5 Алексеев В.И., Петров Д.А. Петрография и литология: Учеб. пособие. СПб: Изд-во СПГГУ, 2011. 6 Л.А. Краснощекова. Основы практической петрографии магматических и метаморфических пород. Учебное пособие. – Томск, Изд-во ТПУ, 2009. – 108 с. 7 Маракушев А.А., Бобров А.В., Перцев Н.Н., Феногенов А.Н. Петрология. I. Основы кристаллооптики и породообразующие минералы. М.: Научный мир, 2000. 8 Марин Ю.Б. Петрография и петрология магматических и метаморфических горных пород. Диагностика минералов метасоматических пород. Методические указания к лабораторным работам. СПб: РИЦ СПГГИ, 2010. 9 Белоусова О.Н., Михина В.В. Общий курс петрографии. М., «Недра», 1982 10 Бекботаев А.Т., Рябченюк К.П. Классификация и петрографическая характеристика метаморфических пород. Методические указания к лабораторным занятиям. Алматы: КазНТУ, 2003-32с