Human Physiology and Anatomy

Description: The discipline is aimed at developing students’ fundamental theoretical knowledge in human physiology and anatomy and their ability to apply these concepts, which are necessary for forming a natural scientific worldview and practical activities. It covers the basics of the structure and functioning of the organs and systems of the human body, physiological processes that ensure human vital activity, as well as the mechanisms of regulation and interaction of various body systems. As a result of mastering the discipline, students acquire knowledge and skills to analyze normal and pathological states of the body based on anatomy and physiology, as well as the ability to work with anatomical and physiological materials necessary for professional activities.

Amount of credits: 5

Пререквизиты:

• Introduction to engineering

Course Workload:

Component: University component

Cycle: Base disciplines

Goal

• acquisition by students of general theoretical knowledge and the ability to apply the basic concepts in the field of human physiology and anatomy necessary for the formation of a natural science worldview and practical activity.

Objective

• - To form students' understanding of modern human physiology as a complex of sciences that investigate patterns that are inherent to man; - To form students' clear ideas about the basic principles of the functioning of the body; - To form students' ideas about the principles of operation, functionality and measurement errors of the diagnostic systems used; - To form students' ability to systematize, present and interpret the results of functional clinical studies in a reasoned manner.

Learning outcome: knowledge and understanding

• To know:the structure of the human body and its various organs, the functions of a living organism, its organs and tissues, the mechanisms of regulation of body functions, the main mechanisms of regulation of physiological functions at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and organismal levels and the possibility of their recovery in case of violation, the functional systems of the human body, features of its life activity in various conditions of existence and basic mechanisms of adaptation to them; intra-system and intersystem mechanisms of compensation for impaired functions; mechanisms of compensation for impaired functions of the nervous system; mechanisms of motor disorders and their compensation; compensatory and adaptive reactions of sensory systems.

Learning outcome: applying knowledge and understanding

• Be able to: - apply modern methods and means of determining the parameters of the functioning of the body; - use educational, scientific, popular science literature for professional activities; - to measure and give a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the most important physiological indicators of the activity of various organs and systems at rest and with impaired functions. Own: - a necessary set of general biological knowledge and the basics of biological systematics, nomenclature and terminology; - methods of planning and development of the scheme of medical and biological experiments; - methods of clinical blood analysis (calculation of shaped elements, determination of the amount of hemoglobin, calculation of the color index, determination of ESR, blood groups according to the ABO system, Rh factor, blood clotting time, calculation of leukocyte formula); - ECG recording and analysis skills; - spirography skills with an assessment of the minute volume of respiration, the vital capacity of the lungs and its components; - skills in determining acuity, fields and color vision in humans; - skills of psychophysiological research of the properties of a person's personality, memory, active attention, determination of mental and physical performance of a person and interpretation of the data obtained; - EEG recording and analysis skills.

Learning outcome: formation of judgments

• Mastering the skills of working on communication tools in the framework of professional activity, competently performing their professional duties

Learning outcome: communicative abilities

• Mastering the skills of working on communication tools in the framework of professional activity, competently performing their professional duties

Learning outcome: learning skills or learning abilities

• -be able to use methods and means of cognition for their intellectual development, cultural level, professional competence, health, moral and physical self - improvement; - master the system of knowledge about human anatomy and physiology

Teaching methods

In the course of teaching the discipline, the following educational technologies are used: involving students in the search and management of knowledge; independent solution of various tasks; problem-oriented learning; educational and research activities; communication technologies (discussion, educational debates, etc.).

Assessment of the student's knowledge

Teacher oversees various tasks related to ongoing assessment and determines students' current performance twice during each academic period. Ratings 1 and 2 are formulated based on the outcomes of this ongoing assessment. The student's learning achievements are assessed using a 100-point scale, and the final grades P1 and P2 are calculated as the average of their ongoing performance evaluations. The teacher evaluates the student's work throughout the academic period in alignment with the assignment submission schedule for the discipline. The assessment system may incorporate a mix of written and oral, group and individual formats.

The evaluating policy of learning outcomes by work type

Evaluation form

The student's final grade in the course is calculated on a 100 point grading scale, it includes:

• 40% of the examination result;
• 60% of current control result.

The final grade is calculated by the formula:

 

Where Midterm 1, Midterm 2are digital equivalents of the grades of Midterm 1 and 2;

E is a digital equivalent of the exam grade.

Final alphabetical grade and its equivalent in points:

The letter grading system for students' academic achievements, corresponding to the numerical equivalent on a four-point scale:

Topics of lectures

• Introduction, basic concepts in the field of human physiology and anatomy
• Object and methods of research
• The human body as a whole
• The bone system
• Anatomy and physiology of human muscles
• Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory organs
• Anatomy and physiology of the digestive system
• Anatomy and physiology of the excretory system
• Anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system
• The cardiovascular system
• The human nervous system
• Sense organs
• The endocrine system

Key reading

• 1. Есенбекова Э.Э. Основы анатомии и физиологии человека. 2015. 324 с. 2. Синельников Р.Д. Атлас анатомии человека, 2017, том второй. 420 с. 3. Сапин М.Р., Ревазов В.С. Анатомия человека, 2014. 260 с. 4. Билич Г.Л. «Атлас анатомии человека», 2018. 344 с. 5. Тверская С.С. «Анатомия и физиология. Учебный терминологический словарь справочник», Учебное пособие, 2015. 365с. 6. Фейц О., Моффет Д. «Наглядная анатомия», 2016. 240с 7. Самусев Р.П. «Атлас анатомии человека». М.: 2019.-544с. 8. Фредерик Мартини «Анатомия человека» / Frederic Martini «Human anatomy» (2014) 9. Мустафина И.Г.: Практикум по анатомии и физиологии человека. Учебное пособие для СПО. Издательство: Лань, Серия: Медицина. 2022 г.388с.

Further reading

• 10. Швырев А.А. «Анатомия и физиология человека с основами общей патологии» 2001 11. Линченко В.Я. "Атлас нормальной анатомии", 2002. 12. «Анатомия человека», М.Г.Привес., Н.К.Лысенков., 2001. 13. Гайворонский И.В. «Анатомия и физиология человека». М.:Издательский центр «Академия», 2011. — 496 с 14. «Анатомия скелета: Атлас, пособие», Н.В.Крылова, И.А.Искренко., 2003.