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Architecture of Kazakhstan History

Feoktistova Elena Alexandrovna

Description: The evolution of architecture on the territory of modern Kazakhstan is examined, the factors, preconditions and main historical periods of architecture development, typology and most prominent monuments, as well as features and trends of architectural and town-planning culture of regions are studied.

Amount of credits: 3

Пререквизиты:

Modern History of Kazakhstan

Course Workload:

Types of classes	hours
Lectures	30
Practical works
Laboratory works
SAWTG (Student Autonomous Work under Teacher Guidance)	15
SAW (Student autonomous work)	45
Form of final control	Exam
Final assessment method	A comprehensive examination including: - a block of test questions covering the whole course; - theoretical question involving sketches of architectural objects, typological schemes, etc; - a creative express task to sketch an object in a historical building.

Component: University component

Cycle: Profiling disciplines

Goal

To study the main achievements of architecture in Kazakhstan, historical stages, architectural schools, the most characteristic monuments and progressive tendencies of traditional architecture of the regions, genesis of architectural forms of structures from ancient times to the beginning of the XXI century.

Objective

An introduction to the factors shaping architecture and urban planning as they develop;
Study of terminology, typology and regional characteristics of the evolution of buildings and structures;
Consideration of progressive trends in the traditional architecture of the regions;
To develop students' understanding of the relationship between historical cultural processes and contemporary architectural theory and practice.
Мastering the historical-architectural analysis of architectural monuments.

Learning outcome: knowledge and understanding

Demonstrate knowledge of the main historical stages in the development of architecture in Kazakhstan from ancient times to the twentieth century, as well as the typology of structures and outstanding monuments of the regions of each stage;
Know the main historical, socio-economic and natural-climatic preconditions for the shaping and development trends of regional architecture;

Learning outcome: applying knowledge and understanding

Use key architectural and art history concepts and terms competently;

Learning outcome: formation of judgments

Work with special historical literature (archive data, map data) when writing essays;
Respect and cherish the architectural and historical heritage and cultural traditions, and tolerate social and cultural differences;

Learning outcome: communicative abilities

Use knowledge of the historic built environment in contemporary architectural design practice.

Learning outcome: learning skills or learning abilities

Conduct a historical and architectural analysis of architectural monuments;
Сreatively use the architectural and urban planning heritage in contemporary residential, public and urban design practice;

Teaching methods

Traditional techniques - lectures accompanied by presentations;

Innovative technologies (including guided tours of historical sites).

Assessment of the student's knowledge

Teacher oversees various tasks related to ongoing assessment and determines students' current performance twice during each academic period. Ratings 1 and 2 are formulated based on the outcomes of this ongoing assessment. The student's learning achievements are assessed using a 100-point scale, and the final grades P1 and P2 are calculated as the average of their ongoing performance evaluations. The teacher evaluates the student's work throughout the academic period in alignment with the assignment submission schedule for the discipline. The assessment system may incorporate a mix of written and oral, group and individual formats.

Period	Type of task	Total
1 rating	Тhe test 1	0-100
	Rating control 1
	Rationale for the topic of the essay. Structure of the essay.
	Sections of the abstract (first edition)
	Lecture notes
2 rating	Тhe test 2	0-100
	Rating control 2
	Formation of the essay
	Content of the essay
	Defending an essay
Total control	Exam	0-100

The evaluating policy of learning outcomes by work type

Type of task	90-100	70-89	50-69	0-49
Type of task	Excellent	Good	Satisfactory	Unsatisfactory
A comprehensive exam that includes: - a block of test questions covering the entire course; - a theoretical question involving sketches of architectural objects, typological schemes, etc.; - a creative express task for sketching an object in a historical building.	1. At least 90% of the correct answers to the test questions. 2. Logical and competent written presentation of a theoretical question with competent use of professional terminology. The disclosure of the topic of the question is at least 90%. 3. Accompanying the entire text of the theoretical question with explanatory drawings and diagrams. 4. Creativity of the idea and aesthetics of the sketch at a high graphic level.	1. Correct answers to test questions from 70 to 89%. 2. A logical and fairly competent written presentation of the theoretical question with minor inaccuracies. Competent use of professional terminology with minor errors. The disclosure of the topic of the question is at least 70%. 3. The text of the theoretical question is accompanied by basic explanatory drawings and diagrams, with small errors. 4. Creativity of the idea and aesthetics of the sketch at a good graphic level.	1. Correct answers to test questions from 50 to 69%. 2. An insufficiently logical and competent written presentation of the theoretical question. The use of professional terminology with errors. The disclosure of the topic of the question is at least 50%. 3. Accompanying the text of the theoretical question with some explanatory drawings and diagrams. 4. There is no creativity, standard solutions are used. The aesthetics of the sketch is at a satisfactory graphical level.	1. At least 90% of the correct answers to the test questions. 2. Logical and competent written presentation of a theoretical question with competent use of professional terminology. The disclosure of the topic of the question is at least 90%. 3. Accompanying the entire text of the theoretical question with explanatory drawings and diagrams. 4. Creativity of the idea and aesthetics of the sketch at a high graphic level.
Test, control work	Сorrect completion of at least 90% of tasks.	Correct completion of 70 to 89% of tasks	Correct completion of 50 to 69% of tasks	Сorrect completion of at least 90% of tasks.
Report	All the requirements for writing an abstract have been met. The content of the topic is fully disclosed in accordance with the chosen topic, there are reasonable conclusions for each section; the work is framed correctly, there are insignificant stylistic errors; the work is done independently, all the selected literature is relevant, analyzed and used in the work. The volume is maintained, the requirements for external design are met.	The basic requirements for the abstract are fulfilled, but there are shortcomings. The content of the work mostly corresponds to the topic, the conclusions mostly correspond to the content of the section; the work is mostly framed correctly, there are some insignificant stylistic and grammatical errors; the work was performed independently, not all the literature used is relevant. The volume may be overstated or underestimated, but not by more than 10%.	There are significant deviations from the requirements for the abstract. The content of the work partially corresponds to the topic, conclusions are not drawn for all sections of the work or partially correspond to the content of the section; the work is mostly framed correctly, there are some significant stylistic and grammatical errors; the work was performed independently, mostly not relevant or inappropriate literature was used. The volume may be overstated or underestimated, but not by more than 20%.	All the requirements for writing an abstract have been met. The content of the topic is fully disclosed in accordance with the chosen topic, there are reasonable conclusions for each section; the work is framed correctly, there are insignificant stylistic errors; the work is done independently, all the selected literature is relevant, analyzed and used in the work. The volume is maintained, the requirements for external design are met.
Control work	Work in the amount of at least 90% of tasks, without errors and shortcomings.	The work was completed in the amount of 70 to 89% of the tasks, may contain one gross error or no more than three minor flaws.	The work was completed in the amount of at least 50% of the tasks, may contain one gross error and no more than three minor flaws, or two gross errors, or no more than five flaws.	Work in the amount of at least 90% of tasks, without errors and shortcomings.

Evaluation form

The student's final grade in the course is calculated on a 100 point grading scale, it includes:

40% of the examination result;
60% of current control result.

The final grade is calculated by the formula:

FG = 0,6	MT₁+MT₂	+0,4E
	2

Where Midterm 1, Midterm 2are digital equivalents of the grades of Midterm 1 and 2;

E is a digital equivalent of the exam grade.

Final alphabetical grade and its equivalent in points:

The letter grading system for students' academic achievements, corresponding to the numerical equivalent on a four-point scale:

Alphabetical grade	Numerical value	Points (%)	Traditional grade
A	4.0	95-100	Excellent
A-	3.67	90-94	Excellent
B+	3.33	85-89	Good
B	3.0	80-84
B-	2.67	75-79
C+	2.33	70-74
C	2.0	65-69	Satisfactory
C-	1.67	60-64
D+	1.33	55-59
D	1.0	50-54
FX	0.5	25-49	Unsatisfactory
F	0	0-24	Unsatisfactory

Topics of lectures

The place and role of the course in the curriculum for architecture students
Ancient architecture
Kazakh architecture of the Sak, Usun and Kangla periods (early 1st-8th centuries)
Early medieval architecture and town planning in Kazakhstan and Central Asia (6th - mid 9th centuries)
The origins and formation of traditional forms of architecture in Central Asia and Kazakhstan under the influence of the religious and spiritual beliefs of Islam
Architecture and urban planning in Kazakhstan and Central Asia in the Middle Ages (10th - 12th centuries)
Architecture and urban planning in Kazakhstan in the late medieval period from the beginning of the 13th to the 14th centuries and during the formation and development of the Kazakh Khanate in the 15th to the early 18th centuries
The influence of Russian, European and Central Asian architectural and urban traditions on the development of architecture in Kazakhstan in the 18th - early 20th centuries
Formation and development of the architecture of commercial and industrial towns in the 19th and early 20th centuries
Architectural and urban development of Almaty (ser
Architectural and urban development of Astana (ser

Key reading

Glautdinov B. Evolyuciya zodchestva Kazaxstana s drevnosti do nachala XX veka: monografiya. – Almaty: «TOO Alejron», 2016. – 606 p.
Istoriya iskusstv Kazaxstana: uchebnik/A.S.Galimzhanova. – Almaty, 2006. – 247 s.
Svod pamyatnikov istorii i kultury Respubliki Kazaxstan. Zhambylskaya oblast: enciklopediya, - Almaty: RGP «NIPI PMK», 2002. -363 p.
Bajpakov K. Drevnie goroda Kazahstana.-Almaty: «Aruna Ltd», 2005. – 316 p.

June 12, 2023 - National mourning day in the Republic of Kazakhstan